In its centuries of existence, Roman civilization shifted from a monarchy to an oligarchic republic to an increasingly autocratic empire. It came to dominate South-Western Europe, South-Eastern Europe/Balkans and the Mediterranean region through conquest and assimilation.
Plagued by internal instability and attacked by various migrating peoples, the western part of the empire, including Italy, Hispania, Gaul, Britannia and Africa broke up into independent kingdoms in the 5th century AD.
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Ancient Rome ↓The Eternal City, Holy City, the city on seven hills, the Gate of the Apostles, the capital of the world and just city with a capital letter - all these high-profile names belong to Rome. During its 3000-year existence, the city has gained not only a priceless cultural treasures and rich history, but also created an independent state on its territory - the Vatican. Rome attracts tourists for many centuries and still remains one of the most beautiful and romantic cities in the world.
1. Colosseum - one of the most famous and recognizable landmarks not only Rome, but throughout Europe.
This building, opened in 80 AD, each year attracts millions of tourists. (Alberto Pizzoli / AFP - Getty Images)
2. The highlighted St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican - the enclave of Rome. Until recently, the Basilica was the largest church on earth. Sacred building stands on the spot, where he was crucified and buried in St. Peter. (Miguel Villagran / Getty Images)
3. Roman Forum is located between the Palatine Hill and the Capitol. The most important and old buildings, including
temples and shrines, located directly within the forum, or close to it. (Doug Pearson / Corbis)
4. Capitoline Square was designed in the 16th century, Michelangelo Buonarroti. The area is located on Capitol Hill,
building on it date back to 1560 mi for years. (Filippo Monteforte / AFP - Getty Images)
5. Two tourists have a rest next to the statue in front of the Capitol - the Municipality of Rome. This statue
- one of the two - was built by Italian artist Matteo Bartolani in 1588 and was supposed to represent the Roman
river Tiber. (Gregorio Borgia / AP)
6. Castle Sant'Angelo over the Tiber River was built by Emperor Hadrian to the tribal shrine. Later, in 139 AD
Antoninus Pius built a mausoleum here. (Robert Harding / Corbis)
7. Legend has it that if a visitor throws a coin into the Trevi Fountain in Rome, he will definitely come back here. Every day in the fountain drop of about 3000 euros. (Sharon Lee / Reuters)
8. Fragments of ancient statues in the courtyard of the museum of the Capitol on Capitol Square in Rome.
In the museum with 1471 houses collections of ancient objects. (Gerard Julien / AFP - Getty Images)
9. Rays of light inside the basilica of St. Peter in the Vatican. Tourists wishing to enter the basilica, must abide
by a strict dress code: no shorts, bare shoulders or miniskirts. (Kazuyoshi Nomachi / Corbis)
10. Frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel were painted by Michelangelo. On the ceiling you can see scenes
from the first book of Moses, and the walls are covered with frescoes of the Renaissance brushes other artists.
(Jim Zuckerman / Corbis)
11. Home spiral staircase Vatican Museum. The museum is located in the Vatican Palace, which since the early
14 th century the residence of the Pope. (Peter Adams / Corbis)
12. Pantheon - Temple of the Champ de Mars in Rome, built around 125 BC. e. According to the information contained
on the site italyguides.it, it is the most copied and simulated by the Roman monument. One of the features of the Pantheon
- a hole in the roof. Between half penetrates the strongest pillar of light (orientation to the south). The light is very noticeable,
he is "not spill, but remains in the form of a giant ray of light becomes almost tangible. (Glenn Beanland / Lonely Planet Images)
13. Museum of Contemporary Art (MACRO) kept the most important product characteristic of Italian art from
the 1960's. (Paolo Cordelli / Lonely Planet Images)
14. Villa Medici - garden complex of 16 century, located on a hill Pinch. Gardens are decorated with statues
and fountains. (Pascal Le Segretain / Getty Images)
15. The area now known as Villa Borghese, was originally a vineyard in the 1500's, but then bought the territory,
Cardinal Scipione Borghese - a nephew of Pope Paul V - and in 1605 turned it into a park. Part of the Roman villa
began in 1903, it was then that she was open to the public. (Will Salter / Lonely Planet Images))
16. People drink coffee in a cafe on the Piazza Navona in Rome during the "Day of Italian espresso 2009.
The Italians drink about 70 million cups of coffee a day. (Alberto Pizzoli / AFP - Getty Images)
17. Aerial view of the Vittoriano monument dedicated to the Italian King Vittorio Emanuele II.
(Patrick Hertzog / AFP - Getty Images)
18. Italian buyers walk the street Via Condotti, where boutiques are the most famous designers.
(Franco Origlia / Getty Images)
19. Spanish staircase connects the Spanish Square and the French church Trinita dei Monti. Once the staircase
was a favorite place for beautiful young men who hoped to become the object of drawing famous artists, and now here
takes place every summer fashion show. (Tony Burns / Lonely Planet Images)
20. Altar of Peace dated August 9 BC The altar was built in honor in honor of the triumphant return of the Emperor
Augustus from Spain and Gaul. (Filippo Monteforte / AFP - Getty Images)
21. Monument of Vittorio Emanuele II at sunset. With probably the history of almost 3000 years, Rome continues
to maintain the status of the "Eternal City" - this is one of the cradles of civilization in Western Europe.
(Christopher Furlong / Getty Images)
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